PAGE 9
HIV NUTRITION UPDATE
VOLUME 9, ISSUE 5
Bone Loss in HIV-Positive Women
A Canadian Study

 

(Continued from page 8)

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 Maintaining a healthy body weight, i.e. with a BMI greater than 20 and keeping body cell mass and fat in the ideal range is vital as well. It is helpful for HIV-positive individuals to exercise appropriately and stay strong and work to improve body balance to reduce the chance of falling. A physiotherapy referral may be necessary for patients who are debilitated or already have evidence of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Clinicians should treat conditions such as diarrhea, malabsorption, and hypogonadism, which may increase the risk of osteoporosis. Those who do develop osteoporosis should receive appropriate treatment to reduce the chance of fractures. Nutrition is one of the most easily modified factors in the development and maintenance of bone mass and a preventative approach to counseling HIV-positive patients may be effective in decreasing the incidence of osteopenia/porosis in this high risk group.
 

 

 
Reducing Bone Loss
  • Practice healthy lifestyle habits: * eat healthy meals; * avoid smoking or drinking alcohol; and * perform weight-bearing exercise such as walking or dancing.
      •  

      Healthy meal plans include: adequate protein, calcium (1,000– 1,500 mg), vitamin D (400-800 IU), and adequate amounts of phosphorus, vitamins C, A, K, magnesium and zinc. Limit caffeine and salt intake.

  • Maintain a healthy body weight, i.e. with a BMI greater than 20; keep body cell mass and fat in the ideal range.
  • Improve body balance to reduce the chance of falling. 
  • Seek treatment for conditions such as diarrhea, malabsorption, and hypogonadism.

 
References

1. Johansen D. Risk Factors for Loss of Bone Mineral Density in HIV/AIDS. Presentation at the 10th Annual ANSA Conference, Vancouver, BC, 6 Sept 2003. 

2. Peabody (Johansen) D, et al. Factors Associated With Decreased Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Positive Women. Poster, World AIDS Conference: Barcelona 2002.

3. Carr A, et al. Osteopenia in HIV-Infected Men: Association With Asymptomatic Lactic Acidemia And Lower Weight Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS 2001;15:703-709.

4. McDermott AY, et al. Effect Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy On Fat, Lean, And Bone Mass In HIV-Seropositive Men And Women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:679-86.

5. Aukrust P, et al. Decreased Bone Formative And Enhanced Resorptive Markers In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Indication Of Normalization Of The Bone-Remodeling Process During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84(1):145-50.

6. Ilich JZ, et al. Nutrition In Bone Health Revisited: A Story Beyond Calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19(6):715-37.

7. Guthrie JR, et al. Risk Factors For Osteoporosis: A Review. Medscape Women’s Health. 2000;5(4).

8. Tebas P, et al. Accelerated Bone Mineral Loss In HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Potent Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS 2000;14(4):F63-7.

Acknowledgements: Chester Morris, David Burdge, Jerilynn Prior, Karen Kruse, Tanya Rempel, and Evelyn Maan. 
 
 
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8/15/2005