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Research suggests that diabetes may contribute to the metabolism of cholesterol. (6) In a small study, researchers reported a decrease in risk factors such as total cholesterol and blood sugar levels for type 2 diabetes and heart disease, using a low-fat, high-fiber diet and daily exercise. (3) These lifestyle changes must be maintained to continue to decrease the risk of chronic disease.
In a cohort of 612 middle-aged men, those men who exercised more than three hours a week were less likely to develop metabolic syndrome. (2) High-risk men following the recommended levels of physical activity were less likely to develop metabolic syndrome than sedentary men.
Resources help clinicians educate consumers on healthy dietary habits. The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults presents the NCEP's updated clinical guidelines for cholesterol testing and management. The report can be ordered for $10 online. The American Heart Association recently published dietary recommendations focusing on whole grains, vegetables and fruits. Get With The Guidelines (SM) is the premier hospital-based quality improvement program for the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. It is designed to empower the healthcare provider team to consistently treat every patient with the most updated treatment guidelines. The site also offers links to information for clinicians in private practice.
References
1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1996.
2. Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Salonen JT, Niskanen LK, et al. Low Levels of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predict Development of the Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(9): 1612-1618.
3. Roberts CK, Vaziri ND, Barnard RJ. Effect of Diet and Exercise Intervention on Blood Pressure, Insulin, Oxidative Stress, and Nitric Oxide Availability. Circulation 2002;106(20):2530-2532.
4. Wilcox S, Parra-Medina D, Thompson-Robinson M, Will J. Nutrition And Physical Activity Interventions To Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk In Health Care Settings: A Quantitative Review With A Focus On Women. Nutrition Reviews 2001;59(7):197-214.
5. Kraus WE, Houmard JA, Duscha BD, Knetzger KJ, et al. Effects of the Amount and Intensity of Exercise on Plasma Lipoproteins. N Engl J Med 2002;347(19): 1483-1492.
6.
Simonen PP, Gylling HK, Miettinen TA. Diabetes Contributes to Cholesterol
Metabolism Regardless of Obesity. Diabetes
Care 2002;25(9):1511-1515.
