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(Continued
from page 1)
Oral and Taste/Smell Effects:
Many drugs affect the ability to taste or smell foods (Table
3 - below). Drugs can cause an alteration in taste sensation (dysgeusia),
reduced acuity of taste sensation (hypogeusia), or an unpleasant aftertaste,
any of which may affect food intake. Common drugs that cause dysgeusia
include the antihypertensive drug captopril (Capoten), the antiretroviral
amprenavir (Agenerase), the antineoplastic cisplatin (Platinol-AQ) and
the anticonvulsant phenytoin (Dilantin).
The antibiotic clarithromycin
(Biaxin) enters the saliva. The drug itself has a bitter taste that stays
in the mouth as long as the drug is present in the body. Captopril (Capoten)
may cause a metallic or salty taste and the loss of taste perception.
| TABLE
3. EXAMPLES OF DRUGS THAT CAUSE ALTERED TASTE OR DYSGUESIA |
| Cardiac Drugs |
Acetazolamide (Diamox) |
Captopril (Capoten) |
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) |
| Quinidine (Quinaglute Dura,
Quinidex Extentabs, Quinora) |
| Antiasthma |
Beclomethasone (Beconase, Vancenase) |
Terbutaline (Brethine, Bricanyl) |
| Antineoplastics |
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) |
Cisplatin (Platinol-AQ) |
Dactinomycin (actinomycin-D) |
|
Fluorouracil (5-FU) (Adrucil |
Interferon alfa 2a (Roferon-A) |
| Methotrexate (Methotrexate,
Rheumatrex) |
|
| Antiinfectives |
Amprenavir (Agenerase) |
Cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef) |
Clarithromycin (Biaxin) |
|
Clotrimazole (Mycelex) |
Didanosine (Videx) |
Ethionamide (Trecator-Sc) |
|
Metronidazole (Flagyl) |
Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) |
Rifabutin (Mycobutin) |
|
Pentamidine Isethionate (Nebupent,
Pentam 300) |
| CNS Drugs |
Clomipramine (Anafranil) |
Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa) |
Phenytoin (Dilantin) |
| Phentermine (Adipex-P,
Fastin, Ionamin) |
Sumatriptan Succinate (Imitrex) |
| Miscellaneous |
Disulfiram (Antabuse) |
Docusate Sodium (Colace) |
Selenium (Se) |
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Etidronate Disodium (Didronel) |
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Antineoplastic drugs,
used in chemotherapy for cancer, affect cells that reproduce rapidly. This
includes mucous membranes. Inflammation of the mucous membranes or mucositis
occurs and is manifested as stomatitis (mouth inflammation), glossitis
(tongue inflammation) or cheilitis (lip inflammation and cracking). Mucositis
can be extremely painful to the point that patients are not able to eat
or drink. Aldesleukin, also called interleukin-2 (Proleukin), paclitaxel
(Taxol), and carboplatin (Paraplatin) are examples of antineoplastic agents
that commonly cause severe mucositis.
Anticholinergic drugs
compete with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine for its receptor sites,
thereby inhibiting transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses. This
results in decreased secretions, including salivary secretions, causing
dry mouth (xerostomia). Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline
(Elavil), antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or cyproheptadine
(Periactin), also used as an appetite stimulant, and antispasmodic bladder
control agents such as oxybutynin (Ditropan) are particularly problematic.
No part of this newsletter
may be reproduced in any form without permission
from the publisher. Copyright
2002 HIV ReSources, Inc. Email: subscriptions@hivresources.com
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